Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. [223] The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. The first permanent settlement by Euro-Americans in what today is Montana was St. Mary's, established in 1841 near present-day Stevensville. The first state governor was Joseph K. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. [167] Low clouds and fog often form in the valleys west of the divide in winter, but this is rarely seen in the east. GENERAL LAWS AND DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 1. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. Indigenous peoples in the region were also decimated by diseases introduced by fur traders to which they had no immunity. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. [191], According to the 2020 census, 88.9% of the population was White (87.8% non-Hispanic White), 6.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.1% Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.9% Asian, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 2.8% from two or more races. New - 6 hours ago. Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. Impact. [81] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism was strong. where two continental divides intersect). [167] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south from Canada. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. State Symbols Official Designations", "St. Mary's Mission in Stevensville designated National Historic District", "Tester Asks Navy to Christen Submarine USS Montana", "Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana-Endangered Species Act", "Trapping and Furbearer Management in Montana", "Upper Yellowstone River Mapping Project", "USGS Geonames Search Result-Montana+Stream", "Vermont Remains Top State in Capita per Brewery", "Welcome to the Montana High School Association", "Welcome to the World Ski Joring Championships", "Yellowstone in Winter: Current Management and Planning", List of Searchable Databases Produced by Montana State Agencies, Montana Energy Data & StatisticsFrom the U.S. Department of Energy, Montana State Facts From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USGS Real-time, Geographic, and Other Scientific Resources of Montana, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana&oldid=1134416842, States and territories established in 1889, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2014, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with dead external links from February 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Total employer establishments: 38,720 (As of 2018. The Water Court consists of a chief water judge and four district water judges (Lower Missouri River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin, Yellowstone River Basin, and Clark Fork River Basin). Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. [169][verification needed] The variation in geography leads to great variation in temperature. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. The U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service administers 110,000 acres (450km2) of 1.1million acres of National Wildlife Refuges and waterfowl production areas in Montana. Montana (/mntn/ (listen)) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. [63], The Montanans who opposed U.S. entry into the war included immigrant groups of German and Irish heritage, as well as pacifist Anabaptist people such as the Hutterites and Mennonites, many of whom were also of Germanic heritage. The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. During World War II, the planned battleship USS Montana was named in honor of the state but it was never completed. Extensive new constitutional rights for victims of crime were approved in 2016. [93] It contains the state's highest point, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901m) high. 1 bath. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus Many species of mushrooms and lichens[154] are also found in the state. [245] The C. M. Russell Museum Complex in Great Falls, Montana, houses more than 2,000 Russell artworks, personal objects, and artifacts. [68][69], By the time the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. At the state level, the pattern of split-ticket voting and divided government holds. Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. [79] The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the state's north-central portion,[80] and isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". However, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time, and Republican governors 40 percent of the time. [44] Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers. [110] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. Browse by Montana counties. [55], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93million acres were farmed. [309] The draft included an expanded, more progressive list of civil and political rights, extended these rights to children for the first time, transferred administration of property taxes to the counties from the state, implemented new water rights, eliminated sovereign immunity, and gave the legislature greater power to spend tax revenues. COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. [198] Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone Counties. [59] In 191718, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,[59] volunteered or were drafted into the armed forces. We love all of Montana! [61] In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. This article in a Butte newspaper celebrates "the blessings of true citizenship". Highway 212, the primary paved route between the two, passes through the northeast corner of Wyoming between Montana and South Dakota. However, in August 2007, Senator Jon Tester asked that a submarine be christened USS Montana. [281] There are 24 areas where snowmobile trails are maintained, most also offering ungroomed trails. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. The Water Court adjudicates water rights claims under the Montana Water Use Act of 1973 and has statewide jurisdiction. Email agent. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. In addition to cross-country trails at most of the downhill ski areas, there are also 13 private cross-country skiing resorts. Classes were taught by Mr. There are 18 departments and offices which make up the executive branch: Administration; Agriculture; Auditor (securities and insurance); Commerce; Corrections; Environmental Quality; Fish, Wildlife & Parks; Justice; Labor and Industry; Livestock; Military Affairs; Natural Resources and Conservation; Public Health and Human Services; Revenue; State; and Transportation. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. There are no intermediate appellate courts. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. [114] The glaciated plains are generally covered in clay, gravel, sand, and silt left by the proglacial Lake Great Falls or by moraines or gravel-covered former lake basins left by the Wisconsin glaciation 85,000 to 11,000 years ago. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. The geographic center of population of Montana is in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. This pattern shifted, beginning with the 1988 election when Montana elected a Republican governor for the first time since 1964 and sent a Republican to the U.S. Senate for the first time since 1948. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis that delayed the construction of the railroad into Montana. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. [126] The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . The extraordinary discoveries and reports from these expeditions led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872. Image: pxfuel 1. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. In 1942, the US Army established Camp Rimini near Helena for the purpose of training sled dogs in winter weather. [130] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[147] Stillwater,[148] Clarks Fork,[149] Bighorn,[150] Tongue,[151] and Powder Rivers. English is the official language in the state of Montana. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three eastwest transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. About 20003000 Chinese miners were in the mining areas of Montana by 1870, and 2500 in 1890. Great Falls has the highest percentage of African-Americans in its population, although Billings has more African-American residents than Great Falls. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. As of August2021[update], the state's unemployment rate is 3.5%.[237]. [229], As of 2020[update], the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Montana's state product was $51.91 billion (47th in the nation) and per capita personal income was $41,280 (37th in the nation)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}"Personal Income for Montana". Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. Historically, U.S. Route 10 was the primary eastwest highway route across Montana, connecting the major cities in the southern half of the state. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. 624 sqft. United States House Committee on Territories, Early Indian treaty territories in Montana, List of military installations in Montana, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, List of amphibians and reptiles of Montana, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Treasure State Academic Information & Library Services, Gallatin College Montana State University, City College at Montana State University Billings, Great Falls College Montana State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Bobcat Stadium (Montana State University), bison that leave Yellowstone National Park, Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States congressional delegations from Montana, city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts, American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, United States District Court for the District of Montana, United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana, "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing", "UM Travel Institute: 2020 Tests Montana Tourism", Montana Office of Public Instruction 2010, "U.S. Navy submarine will be named U.S.S. The Clark Fork of the Columbia (not to be confused with the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River) rises near Butte[123] and flows northwest to Missoula, where it is joined by the Blackfoot River and Bitterroot River. [303][304], Montana is governed by a constitution. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. For other uses, see, "Big Sky Country" redirects here. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Its capital is Helena. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. [221] Spanish is the language next most commonly spoken at home, with about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4% of the population) in 2011. [297][298] Montana's largest circulating daily city newspapers are the Billings Gazette (circulation 39,405), Great Falls Tribune (26,733), and Missoulian (25,439).[299]. Montana is an alcoholic beverage control state. Montana received a second representative in 1913, following the 1910 census and reapportionment. Population (2020) 1,084,225. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. [60] Montana's Remount station in Miles City provided 10,000 cavalry horses for the war, more than any other Army post in the country. Population (2020) 1,084,225. [12] This time, Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. [276][277] The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, which protects wildlife habitat and promotes hunting heritage, was founded in Montana. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Neither justices nor the clerk is term-limited. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). No towns are precisely antipodal to Kerguelen, though Chester and Rudyard are close. The Continental Divide has a considerable effect on the climate, as it restricts the flow of warmer air from the Pacific from moving east, and drier continental air from moving west. [272] Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. GENERAL PROVISIONS Part 5. Montana has a history of voters splitting their tickets and filling elected offices with individuals from both parties. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. [184] During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which had a 32% increase in its population from 2000 to 2010. In December 1959, Malmstrom AFB was selected as the home of the new Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. Is Montana a good place to live? Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. The 1972 constitution lengthened the term of office to eight years and established the minimum number of justices at five. Other federally recognized sites include the Little Bighorn National Monument, Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, and Big Hole National Battlefield. The governor is Greg Gianforte, a Republican elected in 2020. During the war, about 30 Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. [84] Other major mountain ranges west of the divide include the Cabinet Mountains, the Anaconda Range, the Missions, the Garnet Range, the Sapphire Mountains, and the Flint Creek Range. On November 8, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the union's 41st state. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. BEARFACTS. According to the 2000 census, 94.8% of the population aged five and older speak English at home. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.[91]. Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, larch, spruce, aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder, rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main transcontinental route incorporating the former Great Northern main line across the state. Heavy snowstorms may occur from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March. [55] Then, the droughts of 19171921 proved devastating. [124] Farther downstream, it is joined by the Flathead River before entering Idaho near Lake Pend Oreille. [286], Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital but does have Trauma II hospitals in Missoula, Billings, and Great Falls. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. [13], As part of the Missouri River watershed, all of the land in Montana east of the Continental Divide was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. A series of major mineral discoveries in the western part of the state found gold, silver, copper, lead, and coal (and later oil) which attracted tens of thousands of miners to the area. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. A 1974 state severance tax on coal (which varied from 20 to 30%) was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. 624 sqft. [73], In the post-World War II Cold War era, Montana became host to U.S. Air Force Military Air Transport Service (1947) for airlift training in C-54 Skymasters and eventually, in 1953 Strategic Air Command air and missile forces were based at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Great Falls. [244] Sarah quit teaching the following year, but she later became the Madison County superintendent of schools.[243]. Youth Courts have jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony acts committed by those charged as a juvenile under the law. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2),[1] Montana is slightly larger than Japan. (The Public Service Commission's jurisdiction is statewide.). Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. [175][176] The warmer winters in the region have allowed various species to expand their ranges and proliferate. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. [ 91 ] of... The 1870s time, Rep. Samuel Cox, also founded as a juvenile the! Are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state of Montana is governed by constitution... To eight years and established the minimum number of justices at five the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada diseases... 91 ] Park in 1872 ] Then, the primary paved route between the two, through. 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