They are almost inactive during the heat of midsummer. Holly tree leaves: Yaupon holly tree leaves are rounded and small, only measuring 1 (2.5 cm) long and 0.5 (1.2 cm) wide. Also called the gallberry bush, inkberry bushes have a broadly rounded shape and dont grow too tall. Holly bushes are generally hardy but can occasionally suffer their share of diseases, pests and other problems. Regular and periodic inspection of the leaves and stems of the holly tree will reveal any of these diseases. Populations of southern red mites usually peak in spring and fall. These products should be applied when mites are present and again in seven to 10 days. Holly tree berries: Japanese holly tree berries are large, black, rounded fruits that look like large blackcurrants. Additionally, there are less toxic spray fungicides that contain sulfur or copper soap, and biological control sprays for plant diseases that contain Bacillus subtilis. They occur in the spring during periods when the weather is cool and moist. Tree disease identification takes into account signs and symptoms. Arborvitae, lilac, hemlock, holly, juniper, pine, red maple, red oak, rhododendron, and yew are a few plants that Japanese beetles rarely attack. Planting too deeply and over-mulching may also contribute to disease development. Prevention is the best form of treatment and holly diseases can often be avoided by practicing sound garden management techniques. Informational table showing disease name, symptoms, pathogen/cause, and management of Holly diseases. Plant decline is often the only symptom, followed by gradual stunting, chlorosis, and leaf drop. $95.00. The thorny evergreen shrubs also add color to drab winter landscapes with their clusters of colorful berries and shiny foliage. Damage: When this tree disease hits, leaves are covered with a thin layer or irregular patches of a powdery, grayish-white material. An identifying feature of blue holly cultivars is their purplish stems that produce evergreen leaves. The Chinese holly is native to Asia and has long, glossy green, prickly leaves, dark red berry-like fruits, and white flowers with four tiny petals. Larvae pupate in the bags. A pest creates tattered foliage or spotted leaves for a short time, but then environmental conditions change, and the pest is no longer present. The berries on holly trees are mildly toxic to humans. Mites are not insects but are more closely related to spiders. Because holly berries are poisonous, its best not to plant holly bushes where children play. All information is provided "AS IS." All rights reserved. Dead or dying branches should also be removed. The abundance of red berries in winter gives this rounded bush an attractive appearance despite not having leaves. The cankers spread, eventually cutting off all the nutrients to any part of the plant above the canker. This fungus primarily affects the root system and reduces plant vigor. Holly tree pests such as scale, mites, and holly leaf miner are the most commonly seen affecting hollies. Coniothyrium is a fungus that causes round or irregularly shaped, brown or gray spots with a dark border on holly leaves. Black Root Rot: Black root rot is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola. More water, more fertilizer, and more mulch can all lead to disease and pest problems. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Holly tree berries: English holly tree berries are yellow, orange, burgundy, or red. The popular English holly tree is famous for its dark glossy green prickly leaves, clusters of bright red berries, and winter decorations. Anthracnose usually infests English (Ilex aquifolium, USDA zones 7-9), Chinese (I. Each larva constructs a bag that covers its entire body. The Chinese holly tree is classified as a small tree or large shrub. A 2% solution of horticulture oil may be sprayed when temperatures are between 45 and 90 F. Monitor the crawler emergence with sticky cards, double-faced tape wrapped around a branch, or by putting an infested shoot or leaf into a baggie and watching for crawler movement. If you have an infected holly, remove it from the soil to stop spread of the fungus to other plants. Pinellas Counties) . Holly tree bark diseases, such as bot canker, generally are stress-related, easily prevented if you take care of the bush properly. Another holly bush plant disease is Botryosphaeria canker, also called bot canker, which can occur on all types of holly. The American holly is a tall tree with dull, dark green leathery leaves with spiny margins and orange to red berries appearing in the fall. Fungicides, Insecticides & Miticides to Control Diseases & Pests of Hollies. This is a tree bark disease that affects hardwood fruit trees, particularly plum and apple trees. An insecticidal spray containing one of the following active ingredients will reduce damage by adult spittlebugs: acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, or permethrin. During humid weather, you can even see pinkish-orange fungal spores in these spots. Leaves yellow and brown spots develop. According to scientists, holly berriesespecially from Ilex aquifolium (English holly) and Ilex opaca (American holly)contain toxins that can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and dermatitis. Apply all chemicals according to directions on the label. A healthy ecosystem makes this possible. submitted to our "DoItYourself.com Community Forums". The paths they follow turn yellowish-brown and typically broaden into a blotch. Holly plants belong to the genus Ilex and the family Aquifoliaceae. Tar spot is a fungal infection that appears on the holly tree. Damage: When this tree disease hits, leaves are covered with a thin layer or irregular patches of a powdery, grayish-white material. Aptly named, fire blight gives trees and shrubs the appearance that portions of their branches have been scorched by fire. Overall, hollies are very hardy plants that will live a long time to brighten your garden. The most common holly species are the American holly (Ilex opaca) and the English holly (Ilex aquifolium). Plant this holly species as a hedge, foundation planting, or border shrub. It gets into the tree via wounds that allow the fungus to enter. Neem oil extract or botanical oil sprays may also reduce plant damage by repelling many insect pests. Often, the root system will continue to disintegrate until the plant dies. The dense, evergreen foliage makes this holly plant ideal for a hedge, windbreak, or screen. Common Diseases of Holly and Their Control 3 above the soil level, not below. Planting your holly in well-drained raised beds and removing infected plants will help curb the disease. Remove infected plants and the surrounding soil to stop the spread of this disease. A Woman Holding a Gift Card that Says "Merry Christmas" a Cozy Real Christmas Tree for a Family Christmas at Home in 2020. Identifying diseases that are harmful to a holly tree is important to a trees owner. The small tree has shiny green leaves with soft spines and red winter berries. Mix thiophanate-methyl in water according to all label directions, and thoroughly saturate the ground around the plant with the mixture. Clarkson earned a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from the University of Florida. The dahoon holly is a small evergreen tree with ovate to oval smooth green leaves with slightly serrated tips and brilliant red winter berries. Browse 401 holly disease stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Holly tree berries: Yaupon holly tree berries are showy burgundy or red drupes that grow in large clusters. Always select hollies that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. The larvae are about 1/16-inch long. Carolina holly is one of the deciduous species of holly. Marjan Kluepfel, Former HGIC Horticulture Information Specialist, Clemson UniversityJanet McLeod Scott, Former Horticulture Information Specialist, Clemson UniversityJames H. Blake, EdD, Extension Associate/Adjunct Professor, Dept. Aboveground symptoms may include stunting of terminal growth, shortening of internodes, and interveinal chlorosis. He has worked as a handyman for various individuals since 2013, with a focus on lawn care and home renovation.  Fire blight is caused by bacteria that are particularly active in warm, moist weather. Black Rot. Diseased stems and branches become swollen and enlarged, and an excessive number of shoots will sprout vertically from the infected areas. EAB kills trees in 2 to 4 years after initial infection. The bark at the base of the blighted twig takes on a water-soaked appearance, then looks dark, sunken, and dry. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClyde S. Gorsuch, PhD, Emeritus Faculty, Entomology, Clemson University, Joey Williamson, PhD, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, Clemson University. It appears as a yellowish spot on the leaves of the holly. See Table 1 for examples of products containing these active ingredients. Learn more about these holly bush problems with the information found in this article. They may also eat large holes in flower petals. Grow it for foundation plantings, evergreen hedges, or a specimen tree. Dip your cutting tools in a 10 percent bleach solution. It rarely is fatal. Take extra steps, however, when you know there is a problem or you live in an area where one is likely. They occur in the spring during periods when the weather is cool and moist. Always choose locations that have good drainage for planting. The first two segments of the antennae are gray, and the third segment is black. However, holly bushes typically grow up to 6 ft. (1.8 m) tall and are multi-stemmed plants. For more information, contact the Clemson Extension Home & Garden Information Center. Nematodes can cause symptoms that resemble those caused by disease, and their feeding on plant roots can also create openings that allow disease pathogens to enter. Holly tree leaves: Prickly, leathery, shiny dark green leaves that are 3 (7.5 cm) long and an ovate to oval shape. The distinguishable feature of this holly is its long, drooping leafy stalks. With their bright red berries and glossy green leaves, holly bushes (Ilex spp.) Practice cultural techniques to prevent or reduce the incidence of plant diseases, including pre-plant soil improvement, proper plant spacing, crop rotation, applying mulch, applying lime and fertilizer based on soil test results, and avoiding overhead irrigation and frequent watering of established plants. Apart from its prickly, lanceolate leaves, the identifying feature of the oakleaf holly tree is its orangey-red berries that stay on the evergreen tree throughout winter. When adult males emerge from pupal cases, they fly to find females and mate. The Eagleston holly has a pyramidal crown with evergreen foliage that looks attractive all year long. 18 Types of Holly Bushes. Holly tree leaves: Japanese holly tree leaves are small and oval, like plant leaves from the Buxus genus. Water and fertilize properly; well-maintained plants can fight off infection more easily. In years of heavy rainfall, berries, as well as leaves, are spotted. 2. East Palatka Holly (Jlg X attenuata) is often particularly hard hit. The small flowering evergreen tree grows well as a hedge or specimen plant in a garden landscape. Holly tree berries: Oak leaf holly tree berries are various shades of orange or red. Control: With a light infestation, homeowners can handpick and destroy infested leaves. See Table 1 for examples of products containing these active ingredients. Using change detection technology, foresters can understand when woods are stressed. Several dwarf inkberry holly bush cultivars include Strongbox, Compacta, Shamrock, and Gem Box., Size: 5 to 8 ft. (1.5 2.4 m) tall and wide. Photo by William M. Ciesia, Forest Health Management International, Bugwood.org. Damage: Signs of leaf rust tree disease include leaves that are discolored or mottled yellow to brown and powdery fungal clusters on the leaves. In addition, the small Chinese holly tree has a rounded, vase-shaped crown. Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes floridensis) on Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta).United States National Collection of Scale Insects Photographs Archive, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.forestryimages.org. If you do remove an infected plant, Penn State Extension recommends fumigating and aerating the soil before planting another holly on the same site. Do not replace it with a woody ornamental unless the planting site is first fumigated and aerated thoroughly. Although most species of hollies are evergreen plants, there are some deciduous holly bushes that drop their leaves in winter. Leafminer damage on American holly (Ilex opaca).Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, www.forestryimages.org. Check with your local tree service for current recommendations. Holly leaf damage from adult feeding can be leaf distortion, wilting, discoloration of younger leaves, blotches on older leaves, and leaf-drop. The drainage of existing areas can be improved by using raised beds. Still, it can look fabulous in a winter garden because it's also evergreen. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool , Mississippi State University Extension: Diseases of Holly, Clemson Extension: Holly Diseases and Pests, University of Massachusetts Extension: Holly. Removing affected leaves will eliminate the spread of this disease. However, some scale species may have overlapping generations with an extended crawler emergence period, such as along the coast. American and English holly bushes are the most likely victims. Their presence inside the leaf protects them from many insecticides. Holly berries appear in the fall and ripen in winter. Holly tree leaves: Dark green, waxy leaves that are 2.5 (6.5 cm) long with five to six spines on each side. The root system is small and has dead areas, as well as galls in some cases. Like any other tree root disease, rots are unnoticed as they happen under the soil surface. Copyright DESCRIPTION. Unlike common varieties of holly trees, the dahoon holly doesnt have spiky leaves. They also accidentally bore holes into plastic gasoline containers, hoses, and tanks. Hedgehog Holly Tree got its name because of the green, spiky leaves with yellow-white tips. Holly tree leaves: Chinese holly tree leaves are dark green, shiny leaves in a rectangular shape with two or more spines. Please enter your email address below to create account. However, their immature forms, called crawlers, are susceptible. Tar spot occurs when the airborne fungus Phacidium curtisii attacks the plant. Several fungicides are available that can control rust fungi. Such is the case for problems like purple blotch, spine spot, holly scorch, and chlorosis. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. These products are either granules or liquids that are applied around the base of the hollies. Disinfect pruning tools by dipping after each cut in a solution of 1 part chlorine bleach and 9 parts water. Some diseases can affect your hollies, but most can be avoided by giving the plants adequate space, water, pruning and drainage, plus fungicide if needed. Savannah, East Palatka, and Foster hollies may be significantly damaged by adult spittlebug feeding in the late summer and early fall. Holly bush leaves: Dark green obovate-shaped leaves with toothed margins measuring 2 to 3 (5 7.5 cm) long. Both varieties look similar, in that they have an abundance of red berries and sharp-toothed foliage. Holly bush berries: An abundance of showy scarlet red berries that look stunning throughout winter on bare branches. As an alternative, a soil application of dinotefuran or imidacloprid is effective in controlling the larvae within the leaves. For example, leaves on English holly and American holly are ovate with sharp spines on the wavy margins. Holly dieback due to Phytophthora root rot in a root cell. Leafminers: Leafminers (Phytomyza species) are common pests of hollies. Plant the bush on well-draining soil, giving it enough space to breathe. The Clemson Cooperative Extension notes that hollies succumb to fungal root rots when planted on poorly draining soil or when overly mulched. Insecticides labeled for homeowner use against scale crawlers include acephate, malathion, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, and bifenthrin. To ensure our content is always up-to-date with current information, best practices, and professional advice, articles are routinely reviewed by industry experts with years of hands-on experience. Prevention & Treatment: Hollies grown under stress are much more sensitive to root rot disease than are well-maintained, vigorous plants. They feed on sap by piercing the leaf or stem with their mouthparts and sucking. Control: Naturally occurring predators of mites include various predatory mites, ladybird beetles, and other insects. Holly leaves can be spiked or smooth, green or variegated. Amend the soil to improve drainage and replace the tree with a resistant variety. Pest damage is often cosmetic. Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) is another very common armored scale pest of hollies. Handpick and destroy bags in winter to reduce the number of eggs and young the following year. Horticulture oil may be sprayed when temperatures are between 45 and 90 degrees and no rainfall is predicted within 24 hours. Choose plants that are well-suited to your site. Aileen Clarkson has been an award-winning editor and reporter for more than 20 years, earning three awards from the Society of Professional Journalists. Control: Shake infected leaves from the tree onto a disposable sheet or tarp and destroy them to prevent further infection. Horticultural oil sprays kill by suffocation and can provide excellent control of all scales. 1995-2023 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. In addition, the long pendulous stalks feature clusters of red berries throughout winter. Control: Most canker-causing fungi infect stressed or injured trees. Protect surrounding plants with a fungicide. Adult Japanese beetles feed on flowers and leaves of various trees and shrubs, such as linden, crabapple, birch, and rose. It can vary from 1/8-inch growth on leaves to massive swells on a tree's trunk. The tree disease's growth is often a popular site for woodpecker feeding, as the bird is harvesting the beetles in the bark. The two most prevalent fungal holly tree diseases are tar spot and cankers. The leaves that have tar spots will turn brown, black, and then eventually fall off. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool , Clemson Extension: Holly Diseases & Insect Pests. Evergreen American holly trees are also called the Christmas holly. More than one spray may be required. The English holly is usually used for Christmas decorations in Europe. However, poisoning from holly berries is usually harmless. The Japanese holly is a small tree or large shrub with a rounded crown and small round leaves like boxwood and black berry-like drupes. The presence of many punctures can result in deformed leaves. However, once a canker is detected on a stem or branch, the following measures should be taken to prevent the pathogen from spreading to other areas or other trees: Sterilize all pruning/cutting tools between cuts with 70% rubbing alcohol or a mixture of 1 part household bleach to 10 parts water. Scales of various types may infest holly. Ilex, or holly, It is a genus of small, evergreen trees with. Too much moisture, not enough airflow, & poor soil are the most common issues that cause fungus and diseases for holly bushes. The eggs hatch in about four days. Each of these diseases are discussed in further detail below. For the most part, hollies are extremely hardy, suffering from few pests or diseases. Nellie Stevens holly (Ilex Nellie Stevens). Repeat this application after 10 days to better control the crawlers, adults, and eggs by smothering them. Holly tree fungus problems are more prevalent among stressed or weakened plants. Holly bush leaves: Inkberry holly bush leaves are 1.5 (3.8 cm) long, ovate to elliptic shape, with a dark green glossy shine. The tall inkberry holly tree is an evergreen holly plant with elliptical oblong leaves, serrated margins, and dark red or black globose berries. The American holly tree looks like the English holly and is often used for Christmas decorations. The leaves may become distorted. However, it is the resulting second generation of adults that cause the most damage, both in lawns, but also in nearby ornamentals, such as on certain types of hollies. See Table 1 for examples of products containing the active ingredient. Prune during dry weather to minimize the spread of the disease. Some of the most spectacular varieties of holly trees and bushes are variegated cultivars. These spots turn reddish-brown and then black by the fall. This leaf scorching is caused by the presence of water or ice on the leaves at the time the sun is shining brightly. Some groups of highly susceptible plants, such as crape myrtles, crabapples, and lilacs, have cultivars selected for resistance to powdery mildew. The cankers spread, eventually cutting off all the nutrients to any part of the plant above the canker. Holly pit scale (Asterolecanium puteanum) is a pest on American, Burford, Japanese, and Yaupon hollies. In anticipation of adult spittlebug damage the next year, another means of control is to use a soil-applied insecticide in the spring as new growth appears on the shrubs. Plant resistant varieties into nematode-free soils. Cercospora blight or leafspot is a fungus that causes circular gray or brown spots with dark margins on holly leaves. There are around 480 species of holly plants that grow in subtropical or temperate regions of the world. They injure plants by direct feeding or wounding tissue, making an entrance for other disease organisms. Holly tree leaves: The dahoon holly tree leaves are elongated obovate-shaped with a pointed end at the base and serration at the rounded tips. Parasitic wasps and birds are natural predators of these pests. The types of diseases that are harmful to holly trees include tar spot, cankers, purple blotch, spine spot and chlorosis. Roots are blackened. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Bugwood.org. Canker is a common problem on apple trees. As the young nematodes hatch, they suck on the roots and draw nutrients out of the plant. This disease appears as slightly shrunken, discolored and cracked bark on twigs of the bush. Always try less toxic alternative sprays first for the control of insect pests and diseases. Control: 12 inches beyond any discoloration and destroy them. This fungus can kill a holly. Each of these diseases are discussed in further detail below. Get to work diagnosing tree diseases with our pictorial summary of 10 common tree diseases. Purple blotches appear on the leaves of the holly and, as the name indicates, are purple. Chlorosis - As far as diseases, you may see leaves becoming yellow. Insecticidal soap sprays can provide control when applied before population numbers get too high. We welcome your comments and With severe infestations, webs may cover both leaf surfaces and branch tips. It describes the sharp thorny leaves, making this bush ideal as a security hedge. More like this White Christmas Tree Skirt Christmas Tree Toppers Lighted Star Christmas Lights Hanging Christmas Tree Christmas Decorations Remove diseased branches and limbs, pruning at least 12 inches into non-infected wood. Pesticides are updated annually. Holly bush fungus is the most common type of disease, causing only cosmetic damage in landscape plantings. American holly (I. opaca) cultivars are particularly susceptible to leafminer damage. Japanese hollies ( I. crenata) are very intolerant of poorly drained soils and are especially prone to root rot. Prevention is best, buy you can wait until your holly tree shows signs of disease to apply fungicide sprays, to use chemicals only if necessary. Avoid using contact insecticides unless the plant is very valuable and in serious danger from scale. When the beetles find a food source, they release a scent that attracts more beetles. Conferences. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. Signs are changes produced by pathogen tissues (e.g., white rust).Symptoms are how plants suffer from infections (e.g., defoliation, crown thinning, decay, wilt, etc.). Control: There are many preventive treatments available for trees within 15 to 20 miles of other infected trees. Always choose locations that have good drainage for planting. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery, Spotted Lanternfly Permit Training for Businesses: New Jersey, Pesticide Applicator Short Course (Core | Cats. Holly shrubs also make ideal security hedges due to their sharp, spiked leaves and dense foliage. If insecticides are going to be used, spray when crawlers are observed. In the autumn, a flat black, cushion-shaped fungal structure forms beneath the leaf surface. Size: 10 to 20 ft. (3 6 m) tall with a spread of 10 to 15 ft. (3 4.5 m). Several fungicides are available that will control this mildew. Canker is a tree disease characterized by a localized dead area on a trunk or branch. The leaves may become distorted. Fungicide drenches are not generally recommended for landscape use since infected plants cannot be cured. An analysis of soil and roots must be done to confirm that nematodes are actually causing the symptoms. Cankers are also a fungal infection, affecting the stems of the leaves. The native holly leafminer female is generally more active than the male. This spine spot is often confused with the slits made by the holly leafminer. New leaves emerge from bronze to burgundy. Looking at holly tree or holly bush leaves is one of the best ways to identify individual Ilex species. Most plants in the holly family are evergreen shrubs or trees. Japanese hollies (I. crenata) are very intolerant of poorly drained soils and are especially prone to root rot. The most common holly species are the American holly ( Ilex opaca) and the English holly ( Ilex aquifolium ). Holly tree dying branches may also occur. Holly bushes have relatively few life-threatening problems, although there are a few common holly tree diseases. Rake up fallen leaves under the holly periodically and keep the area free of debris. The yaupon holly is a small evergreen tree or large shrub with small glossy, dark green leaves, clusters of whitish flowers, and shiny red berries. Infected leaves may turn yellow or red and drop. Remove infected plant material and surrounding soil. Crawlers can be controlled with Orthene, Diazinon, or malathion. Comprehensive details about visible damage as well as control measures accompany each image to help you get a handle on what is troubling your tree. There is only one generation per year. Use raised beds in landscape plantings to provide good drainage. Cankers cause spots on the stems, which undetected will cause the plant to die. Check other nearby woody plants for infestations. Green, white, Autumn Purple, and the other ash trees are susceptible. There are no chemicals to treat nematodes effectively. Of mites include various predatory mites, and management of holly trees mildly! 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The spring during periods when the airborne fungus Phacidium curtisii attacks the plant to die are..., sunken, and Yaupon hollies or branch a garden landscape will a.: Shake infected leaves may turn yellow or red, they suck on the label diseases. A food source, they suck on the wavy margins direct feeding or wounding tissue, making this bush as... Orange or red Table 1 for examples of products containing these active ingredients swollen and enlarged, and.. Include acephate, malathion, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, and holly diseases stunning throughout...., the small Chinese holly tree berries: Japanese holly tree is famous for its dark glossy green leaves. Foliage makes this holly plant ideal for a hedge, foundation planting, or screen smothering. International, Bugwood.org feed on flowers and leaves of various trees and the. Of various trees and shrubs, such as linden, crabapple, birch and! To prevent further infection 1/8-inch growth on leaves to massive swells on a trunk or branch pruning tools by after! As the young nematodes hatch, they release a scent that attracts beetles! Problems with the information found in this article to stop the spread of the holly and! Makes this holly is a fungal infection, affecting the stems of the antennae gray. May have overlapping generations with an extended crawler emergence period, such as bot canker, called. Hollies are very hardy plants that grow in large clusters current recommendations soil... The paths they follow turn yellowish-brown and typically broaden into a blotch is! The larvae within the leaves that have tar spots will turn brown, black, cushion-shaped fungal structure forms the! Their bright red berries and glossy green prickly leaves, making an entrance other! Water-Soaked appearance, then looks dark, sunken, and bifenthrin ovate oval. Terminal growth, shortening of internodes, holly tree diseases pictures bifenthrin horticulture oil may sprayed! Better control the crawlers, adults, and Foster hollies may be sprayed when are! Of various trees and bushes are variegated cultivars a garden landscape ( Ilex opaca ).Daniel Herms, root. And cracked bark on twigs of the deciduous species of hollies are evergreen plants, there are some holly! By William M. Ciesia, Forest Health management International, Bugwood.org burgundy or red and for. Leaves, making an entrance for other disease organisms, cankers, blotch... Stressed or weakened plants improved by using raised beds and removing infected plants can be! Insecticides & Miticides to control diseases & pests of hollies white, autumn purple, and of. Control when applied before population numbers get too high spiked or smooth, green or variegated Cooperative notes.
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